Avert Surprise Equipment Outages - S. Raghava Chari, Industry Consultant.

........................................................................................................................................................................................

Design Better Products by Understanding Yield Stress - Dr John Duffy - Rheology Technical Specialist, Malvern Instruments, UK..

Successfully manipulating the rheology of a product during its development enables formulators to deliver products that have desirable characteristics - the right feel, great stability, usability that suits the consumer, acceptable taste and texture, to name just a few. Yield stress is often a key parameter for materials, more particularly for ‘soft solids’ - those substances that exhibit characteristics which are in between those of liquid to solid. These materials find a range of use and applications in food, paints & coatings and personal care. The article examines what yield stress is, the importance of tailoring yield stress to achieve desirable performance under conditions that will apply during use and how to measure yield stress accurately.

........................................................................................................................................................................................

Energy Aspects in Drying - Dr Chung Lim Law - Associate Professor, University of Nottingham, Malaysia; Dr Sachin Jangam - Lecturer, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (ChBE) department, National University of Singapore; Prof Arun S Mujumdar- Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engine.

........................................................................................................................................................................................

Applying MBR-system to highly loaded organic waste water - Dr. Bernhard Mayr- Owner and CEO of EnviCare® Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.

In the paper practical experience from large scale case studies of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) systems is presented. In the first case, a full scale MBR installation to treat highly loaded landfill leachate is described. In the second case, a MBR plant to clean strongly concentrated waste water from renewable fuel production and from an animal fat refining is presented. Energy from the biological oxidation process, the influence of ammonia effluent concentration, nutrient supply, foaming and the feasibility of anaerobic pre-treatment are discussed in this paper. Long term behavior of crossflow membranes is shown as well.

........................................................................................................................................................................................

Mothballing Preserves Idle Assets - S. Raghava Chari, Industry Consultant.

Mothballing is taking appropriate measures to prevent corrosion and other deterioration of process equipment due to long disuse. The article details methods to preserve and protect plant assets.

........................................................................................................................................................................................