Home Blog Page 176

Xfloat and BASF Collaborate to Strengthen Solar Infrastructure Resilience

0

Floating solar specialist Xfloat Ltd. partnered with BASF to strengthen the durability, performance, and sustainability of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. By combining Xfloat’s intelligent sun-tracking floating platforms with BASF’s advanced light stabilization technology, the collaboration aims to deliver long-lasting, high-efficiency solar solutions for global markets. Together, the companies are addressing one of floating solar’s biggest challenges — material longevity in harsh outdoor and aquatic environments — while lowering lifecycle costs for developers.

Advanced Materials Strengthen Float Lifespan

At the heart of the partnership, BASF has integrated Tinuvin® 2730 ED, its proprietary light stabilizer, into Xfloat’s High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) float design. This solution actively protects the polymer from UV radiation, weathering, and environmental degradation. As a result, the floats can now withstand demanding conditions for more than 30 years, matching the operational life of solar modules. This extended lifespan reduces maintenance needs and replacement cycles and ultimately lowers the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for project owners.

Intelligent Solar Design Meets Material Innovation

While BASF strengthens material performance, Xfloat enhances energy generation through its FPV-T sun-tracking platforms, which follow the sun to maximize output throughout the day. By merging intelligent design with robust materials, the two companies deliver systems that are not only durable but also more productive. Consequently, operators benefit from higher energy yields, improved reliability, and stronger long-term returns on investment.

Certified for Sensitive Water Environments

Importantly, the stabilizer solution complies with strict international safety standards. It meets the EU Drinking Water Directive (EU) 2020/2184 and is certified under NSF-61 Section 5, making the systems suitable for installation in drinking water reservoirs and other environmentally sensitive locations. The compliance opens new opportunities for floating solar deployment in municipal and regulated water bodies where material safety is critical.

Global Deployments and Proven Performance

Xfloat has already rolled out its technology across the United States, Middle East, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Notably, a recent project in Singapore recorded a 28% improvement in energy yield using the company’s proprietary tracking technology. With demand rising for resilient renewable infrastructure, the company is now expanding its global pipeline and scaling operations to meet market needs.

Industry Leaders Highlight Strategic Value

“At Xfloat, we aim to redefine what is possible in floating solar by combining intelligent design with environmental responsibility,” said Avi Alcalay, Chief Technology Officer, Xfloat. “Partnering with BASF enables us to enhance durability while meeting the highest performance and safety standards, especially for sensitive applications like drinking water reservoirs,” Alcalay added.

Echoing this view, Ricard Vandellos, Vice President, Business Management Plastic Additives EMEA and Latin America at BASF, added, “Floating solar is rapidly emerging as a complementary pillar in the renewable energy landscape. Our collaboration with Xfloat shows how material innovation can support the long-term performance of solar infrastructure.”

Supporting Sustainable Solar Infrastructure

As per the press release, ultimately, the partnership highlights how BASF’s VALERAS® portfolio supports durable, safe, and sustainable solutions across renewable energy applications. By integrating advanced stabilization chemistry with smart floating solar design, Xfloat and BASF are delivering certified, high-performance systems ready for reliable clean energy generation — even in challenging aquatic environments.

HPCL to Complete Paddy Straw-Based 2G Ethanol Plant by March 2026

0

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) is fast-tracking its second-generation (2G) bio-ethanol project in Punjab, with the plant expected to be completed by March 2026. Located at Nasibpur village in Bathinda district, the facility will convert paddy straw into ethanol, helping curb stubble burning while strengthening India’s clean fuel supply chain. At full capacity, the plant will consume nearly 2 lakh tons of agricultural residue annually, turning farm waste into renewable energy. The project details were shared by Neelima, Chief Executive Officer, Punjab Energy Development Agency (PEDA), in the January 2026 edition of the Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC) Journal.

Turning Farm Waste into Clean Fuel

The 2G bio-refinery will use paddy straw as feedstock to produce ethanol for blending with petrol under the Government of India’s Ethanol Blending Programme (EBP).

By converting agricultural residue into fuel, HPCL aims to address two challenges simultaneously:

*Reducing crop residue burning

*Increasing domestic biofuel production

As a result, the project is expected to significantly lower instances of stubble burning in Bathinda and surrounding regions, improving air quality across Punjab and North India.

Capacity and Feedstock Requirements

Once operational, the plant will deliver 100 kilo litres (KL) of ethanol per day, making it one of the key 2G ethanol facilities in the region.

To support this output, the refinery will:

*Use 570 metric tonnes of paddy straw daily

*Consume around 2,00,000 metric tonnes annually at full capacity

In preparation, HPCL plans to procure approximately 1 lakh metric tons of biomass this season to ensure smooth commissioning and early operations.

Regulatory Oversight and Monitoring

Given its environmental significance, the project is being closely monitored by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and adjoining areas. The oversight underscores the plant’s potential role in tackling air pollution caused by seasonal crop burning.

Meanwhile, PEDA, the state’s nodal agency for renewable energy projects, continues to facilitate implementation. The agency manages:

*Bid processes and project approvals

*Evaluation of proposals

*Detailed project report (DPR) scrutiny

*On-ground monitoring and execution

This coordinated approach aims to ensure timely completion and efficient operations.

Supporting India’s Ethanol and Energy Transition Goals

HPCL’s 2G ethanol initiative aligns with India’s broader push toward energy security, biofuels, and sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. As reported by chinimandi.com, by converting agricultural waste into ethanol, the company not only supports farmers with an additional revenue stream but also contributes to the government’s targets for higher ethanol blending and lower carbon emissions. As the March 2026 deadline approaches, the Bathinda project is poised to become a key milestone in India’s waste-to-energy and clean fuel transformation.

Asian Energy Makes Oil Discovery in Gujarat’s Mevad Field

0

Asian Energy Services has reported a significant onshore oil discovery at the Mevad Field in Gujarat, strengthening its upstream portfolio and boosting domestic production prospects. The discovery follows the successful drilling of well NM-01, which reached a total depth of 1,650 metres and confirmed multiple hydrocarbon-bearing zones. With early production already underway, the find marks an important step in the company’s strategy to scale its exploration and production (E&P) operations in India.

Well Delivers Strong Initial Production

The newly drilled well has demonstrated encouraging output levels. According to the company, the well shows a peak production potential of 125–130 barrels of oil per day (bopd). At present, it is producing around 100 bopd from the Sobhasan sand interval, indicating stable early performance. Importantly, the well encountered three oil-bearing sand formations — Mandhali, Sobhasan, and Kalol. The company is now evaluating these zones sequentially to optimise recovery and maximise production.

Domestic Supply Linked to Brent Pricing

Asian Energy Services plans to channel the crude output directly to domestic refineries under existing offtake agreements, ensuring a ready market for the production. Kapil Garg, Managing Director of Asian Energy Services, said, “Oil produced from the Mevad well will be supplied to domestic refineries under offtake arrangements, with crude pricing linked to the Brent benchmark.” The pricing structure aligns revenues with global crude markets while supporting India’s domestic supply chain.

Supporting Long-Term Upstream Growth

Beyond immediate output, the discovery is expected to strengthen the company’s domestic production base and generate incremental cash flows. Consequently, Asian Energy Services aims to pursue disciplined resource development, balancing steady production growth with cost efficiency. The company has also lined up additional drilling activity to further assess the reservoir’s full potential and expand recoverable reserves.

Boost for Gujarat’s Onshore Exploration

The Mevad discovery highlights the continued potential of onshore basins in Gujarat, which remain key contributors to India’s oil production. As reported by projectstoday.com, as Asian Energy Services advances appraisal and development plans, the find could pave the way for more exploration success in the region while reinforcing the company’s role in India’s upstream energy landscape.

Oil India Plans Upstream Growth Across Northeast, Rajasthan, and Offshore Areas

0

Oil India Limited is sharpening its upstream growth strategy, with fresh investments aimed at expanding operations across Northeast India, Rajasthan, Cambay, Mahanadi, and offshore deepwater blocks. As India pushes to enhance domestic hydrocarbon production and reduce import dependence, the company is stepping up exploration and production (E&P) activity in both mature and frontier basins. At the same time, it is leveraging technology and policy support to unlock new reserves and improve operational efficiency.

Focus on New Acreage and Frontier Basins

Oil India has intensified its efforts to secure new blocks and increase its domestic footprint. The company continues to expand acreage under the government’s Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP-X) while also participating in Discovered Small Fields (DSF) Round-IV and coalbed methane (CBM) blocks. These initiatives are expected to accelerate exploration activity and fast-track the monetisation of untapped resources. Notably, the company has already confirmed hydrocarbon potential in previously unexplored regions, including promising gas discoveries in the Andaman and Nicobar Basin, signalling fresh opportunities in frontier offshore areas.

Driving Efficiency with AI and Digital Technologies

Alongside geographic expansion, Oil India is modernising its operations through digital transformation.

The company is increasingly integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced analytics to:

Improve reservoir modelling

*Optimise drilling performance

*Enhance predictive maintenance

*Reduce downtime and operating costs

By embedding AI into core upstream processes, Oil India aims to boost recovery rates, increase productivity, and strengthen overall asset performance.

Policy Reforms Strengthen Investment Climate

Meanwhile, supportive government reforms are creating a more favourable environment for exploration. According to Chairman and Managing Director Ranjit Rath, recent policy changes have significantly improved investor confidence. “The tide has turned, and the investment climate for exploration opportunities is favourable in India due to significant policy reforms and far-reaching decisions such as releasing approximately 1 million sq. km of erstwhile no-go areas in the eastern coast, western coast and Andaman basin, including special incentives for Category-2 and Category-3 basins,” he said.

The opening of these areas is expected to unlock substantial hydrocarbon potential and attract higher investments from both domestic and global players. In addition, the Oilfields (Regulation and Development) Amendment Bill, 2024, addresses long-standing regulatory bottlenecks and simplifies compliance, further encouraging exploration and production activity.

Positioning for Long-Term Energy Security

Taken together, Oil India’s strategy reflects a broader national push to strengthen energy security and domestic production capacity. As reported by projectstoday.com, by combining new acreage acquisition, offshore exploration, digital technologies, and regulatory support, the company is positioning itself for sustained upstream growth. As exploration intensifies across frontier basins and deepwater plays, Oil India aims to play a pivotal role in meeting India’s rising energy demand while reducing reliance on imports.

EU Warns ‘Forever Chemicals’ Could Cost Europe €500 Billion by 2050

0

Europe could face a staggering €440 billion bill by mid-century to tackle pollution and health damage caused by PFAS, or “forever chemicals,” according to a new study released by the European Commission. The analysis estimates this figure as the baseline cost of managing contamination across the European Economic Area. However, the price tag could climb dramatically—to nearly €2 trillion—if authorities pursue more aggressive clean-up strategies or delay preventive action. The findings highlight the growing economic and public health burden of PFAS pollution and add urgency to the EU’s plans for stricter regulation and a potential ban.

What Are PFAS and Why the Concern

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), commonly known as forever chemicals, are synthetic compounds widely used in industrial processes and everyday products, including non-stick cookware, waterproof textiles, firefighting foams, and electronics. Because these chemicals do not easily break down, they accumulate in soil, water, and the human body over time.

Studies have linked PFAS exposure to serious health risks, including:

*Cancer

*Fertility issues

*Hormonal disruption

*Immune system damage

As contamination spreads, so do healthcare costs and environmental remediation expenses.

Clean-Up Costs Could Spiral Without Action

The Commission’s study warns that inaction would significantly inflate costs. If emissions continue and governments rely mainly on wastewater treatment and remediation measures, Europe’s total expenditure could soar to €1.7 trillion by 2050, driven largely by clean-up operations. Even under a full ban scenario, legacy contamination would still leave the region facing around €330 billion in costs, showing that past pollution already carries a long-term financial burden. In short, the longer Europe waits, the more expensive the solution becomes.

Ban Proposal Aims to Reduce Long-Term Damage

To curb future risks, the EU is preparing to propose a broad ban on PFAS use later this year, while allowing limited exemptions for “critical sectors.” The move is expected to trigger debate and resistance from parts of the industry. However, regulators argue that early restrictions could sharply reduce health-related expenses. Under a full phase-out scenario, annual health costs could fall from €39.5 billion in 2024 to just €0.5 billion by 2040, the study estimates. The sharp decline illustrates the financial benefits of preventive policy compared with long-term remediation.

EU Calls for Urgent Action

EU Environment Commissioner Jessika Roswall stressed the need for swift and decisive measures. “Providing clarity on PFAS with bans for consumer uses is a top priority for both citizens and businesses,” she said. “Consumers are concerned, and rightly so. This study underlines the urgency to act,” Roswall added.

Environmental groups echoed the warning.

Noémie Jégou, Policy Officer for Chemicals at the European Environmental Bureau, said, “The Commission’s study exposes the staggering costs of PFAS pollution. Every day of inaction inflates the bill. The EU must turn off the tap now through an ambitious restriction of PFAS in consumer products and industrial processes.”

A Defining Moment for Europe’s Chemical Policy

Conducted by consultancies WSP, Ricardo, and Trinomics, the study makes one message clear: how Europe responds now will shape both environmental outcomes and economic costs for decades. By tightening controls and phasing out non-essential uses, policymakers could avoid hundreds of billions in future liabilities. Conversely, delays may saddle taxpayers and industries with a trillion-euro clean-up. As reported by politico.eu, as the EU prepares its next regulatory steps, the numbers underscore a simple reality — preventing PFAS pollution today is far cheaper than paying for it tomorrow.

HPCL Bags FIPI Oil Marketing Company of the Year 2026 at IEW

0

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) has secured a major industry accolade after winning the FIPI Oil Marketing Company of the Year Award 2025 at India Energy Week (IEW) 2026. The recognition highlights the company’s strong leadership, operational excellence, and consistent performance in India’s highly competitive oil marketing sector. The award underscores HPCL’s growing role in delivering efficient, customer-focused, and sustainable energy solutions across the country.

Award Presented by Energy Sector Leadership

The honour was presented by union minister of petroleum and natural gas, Hardeep Singh Puri, along with Dr Neeraj Mittal, Secretary, Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, during the high-profile industry gathering. The ceremony also witnessed the presence of leading public sector energy executives, including Shri Arun Kumar Singh, Chairman and CEO, ONGC, and Shri A. S. Sahney, Chairman, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL). Representing HPCL, Shri Vikas Kaushal, Chairman and Managing Director, accepted the award alongside Shri Amit Garg, Director – Marketing, and Shri Sanjay Kumar, Executive Director – MRA&P and Business Development.

Recognising Operational and Digital Excellence

The award celebrates HPCL’s outstanding performance across multiple fronts. Over the past year, the company has strengthened its operational efficiency, expanded customer-centric digital initiatives, and accelerated sustainability-driven strategies.

In particular, HPCL has focused on:

*Enhancing supply chain efficiency

*Improving retail and customer service experiences

*Deploying digital technologies across marketing operations

*Advancing cleaner and future-ready energy solutions

Through these efforts, the company continues to improve reliability, reduce costs, and create long-term value for customers and stakeholders.

Driving Innovation and Sustainable Growth

At the same time, HPCL has actively aligned its growth strategy with India’s evolving energy transition goals. By investing in innovation, cleaner fuels, and modern infrastructure, the company is positioning itself as a future-ready energy provider. Consequently, the recognition from the Federation of Indian Petroleum Industry (FIPI) reinforces HPCL’s commitment to building a resilient, sustainable, and technology-enabled marketing ecosystem.

Strengthening Position in India’s Energy Landscape

As per the press release, with this latest accolade, HPCL further consolidates its reputation as one of India’s most trusted oil marketing companies. The award not only reflects past achievements but also signals confidence in the company’s ability to adapt to changing market dynamics and national energy priorities. As India’s energy demand continues to grow, HPCL remains focused on innovation, operational excellence, and customer value creation, ensuring it stays at the forefront of the country’s energy transformation.

Government Backs Rare Earth Corridors in Four States to Cut China Dependence

0

Amid mounting global concern over China’s tightening grip on rare earth supplies, the government has stepped up efforts to secure its own critical mineral ecosystem. The government announced targeted support for establishing dedicated rare earth corridors across four mineral-rich states — Odisha, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. With this move, the Centre aims to strengthen domestic production and reduce India’s exposure to global supply disruptions, particularly those linked to China’s dominance in rare earth processing.

Why Rare Earths Matter for India’s Economy

Rare earth elements form the backbone of modern technologies. They power electric vehicle (EV) motors, wind turbines, electronics, semiconductors and advanced defence systems. However, China currently controls a large share of global processing capacity, creating supply risks for countries dependent on imports.

Recognising this vulnerability, the government has begun shifting its strategy. Instead of exporting raw materials, the government now prioritises building a complete, domestic value chain — from exploration and mining to processing, manufacturing and recycling.

National Critical Mineral Mission Gains Momentum

To accelerate the transition, the government launched the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) last year with an outlay of approximately ₹16,300 crore. The mission focuses on:

*Exploration and geological surveys

*Mining and beneficiation

*Processing and refining

*Recycling of critical minerals

Through these measures, the government aims to cut import dependence and integrate India more closely with trusted global supply chains. At the same time, simplified mining regulations and the auction of critical mineral blocks are encouraging greater private sector participation in a sector historically dominated by public enterprises.

Boosting Domestic Manufacturing of Rare Earth Magnets

Beyond mining, the government has turned its attention to downstream manufacturing. In late 2025, it approved a ₹7,280 crore incentive scheme to promote local production of sintered rare earth permanent magnets. The scheme targets the creation of 6,000 metric tonnes per annum of integrated manufacturing capacity, covering the entire process — from rare earth oxides to finished magnets.

These magnets are essential components for:

*Electric vehicles

*Wind energy systems

*Consumer electronics

*Defence equipment

By localising production, India hopes to reduce imports while strengthening high-value manufacturing.

Building High-Tech Infrastructure and Tool Rooms

To deepen technological capabilities, Sitharaman also announced plans to establish advanced tool rooms through central public sector enterprises at two locations. These facilities will function as digitally enabled automation service bureaus. They will design, test and manufacture high-precision components at scale, lowering costs and improving domestic competitiveness. In parallel, the government will introduce a new scheme to upgrade construction and infrastructure equipment manufacturing, further boosting India’s capabilities in high-value machinery.

Electronics and Semiconductor Push Complements Strategy

Importantly, the rare earth initiative forms part of a broader industrial strategy. The Finance Minister proposed an outlay of ₹40,000 crore to support electronics components manufacturing. Additionally, the government will launch Semiconductor Mission 2.0, building on the first phase that helped expand India’s chip ecosystem.

The next phase will focus on:

*Producing semiconductor equipment and materials

*Developing full-stack Indian intellectual property

*Strengthening domestic supply chains

Together, these measures aim to create a more resilient technology manufacturing base.

Conserving Domestic Resources and Prioritising Local Needs

To safeguard supplies, the government has also taken steps to conserve domestic resources. In mid-2025, state-run India Rare Earths Ltd (IREL) suspended an export agreement with Japan, signalling a clear shift toward prioritising local demand amid tightening global conditions. This decision underscores the government’s focus on national supply security.

Recycling to Support a Circular Economy

Sustainability remains another key pillar of the strategy. The government has approved a ₹1,500 crore incentive scheme to promote recycling of critical minerals between FY26 and FY31.

The programme will recover rare earths and other materials from:

*E-waste

*End-of-life electronics

*Industrial scrap

By reducing dependence on fresh mining, the initiative supports both supply security and environmental goals.

A Strategic Shift Toward Self-Reliance

As reported by msn.com, taken together, the rare earth corridors, manufacturing incentives, semiconductor investments and recycling programmes reflect a clear policy direction. India is no longer content with being a raw material supplier. Instead, it aims to build a fully integrated, technology-driven rare earth ecosystem. As geopolitical risks reshape global supply chains, these measures position India to secure critical minerals, strengthen domestic industry and emerge as a reliable player in the global clean energy and electronics value chain.

INOXAP Commissions PESO-Licensed Specialty Gas Warehouse in Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu

0

 INOX Air Products Private Limited (INOXAP), one of India’s leading manufacturers of industrial, electronic, and medical gases, has commissioned a Petroleum and Explosives Safety Organisation (PESO)-licensed large package warehouse for specialty gases at Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. With this move, the company strengthens India’s industrial gas infrastructure while directly supporting the fast-growing solar photovoltaic (PV) manufacturing sector.

Approved Storage for Critical Solar Manufacturing Gases

The newly licensed facility is authorised to store high-value and mission-critical specialty gases such as nitrous oxide and silane in tube trailers, along with hydrogen mixtures in Y-toners. These gases play a crucial role in semiconductor and solar cell production processes. By setting up this dedicated storage hub, INOXAP ensures reliable and consistent supply for India’s expanding solar PV ecosystem, which increasingly demands large volumes of specialty gases for uninterrupted operations. Importantly, the PESO approval underscores the company’s commitment to regulatory compliance, operational safety, and best-in-class handling practices within the industrial gases sector.

Strengthening Supply Assurance and Reducing Import Dependency

The warehouse offers a significant advantage to solar manufacturers by improving supply reliability and reducing dependency on imports.

By maintaining substantial on-site inventories, INOXAP can:

*Cut down import lead times

*Minimise risks from global supply chain disruptions

*Ensure faster deliveries

*Maintain uninterrupted production cycles

As a result, customers benefit from improved operational efficiency and greater resilience in their supply chains. This capability becomes especially critical as India accelerates domestic solar manufacturing under its clean energy and energy security goals.

Enabling Faster, Safer and More Agile Operations

Beyond storage, the consolidated facility optimises logistics and streamlines operations. Centralised stocking allows INOXAP to respond swiftly to fluctuating demand while reducing transit times and handling complexities. Moreover, the warehouse design prioritises safety at every level. From regulatory compliance to advanced storage systems, the facility adheres to stringent standards, ensuring safe management of sensitive specialty gases. Consequently, manufacturers can scale operations with confidence, knowing that supply and safety risks remain well-managed.

Leadership Perspective: Building a Self-Reliant Solar Ecosystem

Siddharth Jain, Managing Director, INOX Air Products, highlighted the strategic importance of the development. “This milestone marks a significant step in building India’s self-reliant solar energy ecosystem. By establishing this large package warehouse approved by PESO for specialty gases, we are not merely adding infrastructure, but also strengthening the foundations of import reliability, safety and innovation that India’s solar industry needs to scale with confidence. At INOX Air Products, our commitment is firmly nation-first. We continue to invest ahead of demand and anticipate future industrial needs. We are proud to enable advanced manufacturing and support India’s journey towards energy security and global leadership in clean technologies. We are grateful to PESO for their progressive outlook, which is enabling innovations like these.”

Positioning INOXAP as a Strategic Industry Partner

The new capability positions INOXAP as an integrated and strategic partner for large-scale solar manufacturing operations across India. By combining safety-focused infrastructure, reliable stocking, and streamlined logistics, INOXAP not only strengthens its service offerings but also reinforces India’s broader ambitions in renewable energy manufacturing. As per the press release, as the solar sector expands rapidly, such investments in specialty gas infrastructure will play a decisive role in enabling domestic production, reducing import reliance, and supporting the country’s transition toward clean and sustainable energy.

Green Hydrogen for Sustainable Environment

0

Abstract

Green hydrogen, produced through renewable-powered electrolysis or biomass pathways, is emerging as a key enabler of India’s energy independence and net-zero ambitions. Advances in electrolyser technologies, storage systems, and modular plants are accelerating large-scale, low-carbon hydrogen adoption across industry, mobility, and energy sectors.

Introduction
India has announced a target of energy independence by 2047 and a net-zero by 2070. Green Hydrogen is expected to play a substantial role towards achieving these goals. Green Hydrogen, is produced by the process of electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity generated from renewable sources like solar, wind, or hydropower. This process results in a clean and emission-free fuel that has immense potential to replace fossil fuels and reduce carbon emissions. Another method of producing Green Hydrogen is from biomass, which involves the gasification of biomass to produce hydrogen. Both these production methods are clean and sustainable, making Green Hydrogen an attractive option for the transition to a low-carbon future.

Need for Green Hydrogen

The need for Green Hydrogen is rapidly increasing due to its potential to decarbonize several sectors, including transportation, shipping, fertilisers and steel among others. Green hydrogen can replace traditional fossil fuels in transportation, which contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. It can also be used in industry for the production of ammonia, methanol, and steel, which are currently heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Additionally, Green Hydrogen can be used as a backup energy source for renewable energy plants, providing a constant and reliable source of energy.

Green hydrogen has numerous applications and can be used in fuel cells to power vehicles and provide electricity. It can also be used in heating systems and in the production of chemicals and fertilizers. Hydrogen fuel cells have a high energy density and are more efficient than traditional combustion engines, making them an attractive option for powering vehicles. Furthermore, Green Hydrogen can be used in microgrids, providing electricity to remote areas and enabling energy independence.

National Green Hydrogen Mission

India has launched the National Green Hydrogen Mission with an outlay of Rs. 19,744 crores1 with a target of 5MMT production capacity of Green Hydrogen per annum.

What is Green Hydrogen

Hydrogen can be termed as green, only if the non-biogenic greenhouse gas emissions arising from water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification and drying and compression of hydrogen shall not be greater than 2 kilogram of carbon dioxide equivalent per kilogram of Hydrogen (kg CO2 eq./kg Hydrogen), taken as an average over last 12-month period1.

Classification of Hydrogen

Hydrogen is classified into different “colors” based on how it is produced and the environmental impact of its production. Green hydrogen is the cleanest form, generated by using renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, or hydro power to split water through electrolysis. Since no fossil fuels are involved, it has zero carbon emissions. Blue hydrogen is produced from natural gas through processes like steam methane reforming (SMR) or auto thermal reforming (ATR), but the carbon dioxide generated is captured and stored using carbon capture and storage (CCS). This makes it lower-carbon but still dependent on fossil fuels. Grey hydrogen is also produced from natural gas using (Steam Methane reforming) SMR, but without capturing the CO₂ emissions, making it carbon-intensive. Brown hydrogen (or black hydrogen) comes from gasification of coal or lignite and has the highest carbon footprint.

Another emerging category is pink hydrogen, produced using electrolysis powered by nuclear energy. Turquoise hydrogen is created through methane pyrolysis, producing solid carbon instead of CO₂, which can be easier to store or use. Yellow hydrogen is made using grid electricity, which can be a mix of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. White/Gold hydrogen is the hydrogen found in nature.

Technologies Involved

Currently, several advanced water electrolysis technologies are available in the market for green hydrogen production these include Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolysers, Alkaline Electrolysers, Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) Electrolysers, and Solid Oxide Electrolysers.

Process Technology – Green Hydrogen: Electrolysis3 is a promising option for carbon-free hydrogen production from renewable and nuclear resources. Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This reaction takes place in a unit called an electrolyser. Electrolyser can range in size from small, appliance-size equipment that is well-suited for small-scale distributed hydrogen production to large-scale, central production facilities that could be tied directly to renewable or other non-greenhouse-gas-emitting forms of electricity production.

 Figure: 1: Hydrogen Cell

Like fuel cells, electrolyser consist of an anode and a cathode separated by an electrolyte. Different electrolyser function in different ways, mainly due to the different type of electrolyte material involved and the ionic species it conducts.

Currently, several technologies are available in the market for producing green hydrogen. The main technologies include:

  1. PEM Electrolyser Technology (Proton Exchange Membrane type)
  2. Alkaline Electrolysers – Both pressurized and non-pressurized
  3. Solid Oxide Electrolysers
  4. AEM Electrolysers (Anion Exchange Membrane type)

Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyser: In a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser, the electrolyte is a solid specialty plastic material. Water reacts at the anode to form oxygen and positively charged hydrogen ions (protons). The electrons flow through an external circuit and the hydrogen ions selectively move across the PEM to the cathode. At the cathode, hydrogen ions combine with electrons from the external circuit to form hydrogen gas. Anode Reaction: 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e– Cathode Reaction: 4H+ + 4e– → 2H2

 Alkaline Electrolyser: Alkaline electrolyser operate via transport of hydroxide ions (OH–) through the electrolyte from the cathode to the anode with hydrogen being generated on the cathode side. Electrolyser using a liquid alkaline solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide as the electrolyte have been commercially available for many years. Newer approaches using solid alkaline exchange membranes (AEM) as the electrolyte are showing promise on the lab scale.

Solid Oxide Electrolyser: Solid oxide electrolyser, which use a solid ceramic material as the electrolyte that selectively conducts negatively charged oxygen ions (O2-) at elevated temperatures, generate hydrogen in a slightly different way. Steam at the cathode combines with electrons from the external circuit to form hydrogen gas and negatively charged oxygen ions. The oxygen ions pass through the solid ceramic membrane and react at the anode to form oxygen gas and generate electrons for the external circuit.

Solid oxide electrolyser must operate at temperatures high enough for the solid oxide membranes to function properly (about 700°–800°C, compared to PEM electrolyser, which operate at 70°–90°C, and commercial alkaline electrolyser, which typically operate at less than 100°C). Advanced lab-scale solid oxide electrolyser based on proton-conducting ceramic electrolytes are showing promise for lowering the operating temperature to 500°–600°C. The solid oxide electrolyzers can effectively use heat available at these elevated temperatures (from various sources, including nuclear energy) to decrease the amount of electrical energy needed to produce hydrogen from water.

 Given the rapid advancements in green hydrogen technologies and the increasing number of plants under construction worldwide, it is important to incorporate the latest trends and learnings from global installations to ensure a robust and future-ready setup.

Green Hydrogen Plants

Green hydrogen plants are often supplied in modular, skid-mounted formats, making installation and commissioning faster and more efficient. The major utility systems that will be required for a green hydrogen plant include:

  • A cooling tower
  • A DM water treatment plant
  • An instrument air compressor package
  • A hydrogen compression and cascade storage system

A typical block diagram of a green hydrogen plant is shown in Figure 2 below.

Figure 2: Block Diagram

Compared to the long service life of civil structures, foundations, and other mechanical equipment in a typical process plant, an electrolytic cell generally has a lifespan of only about 10 years. As a result, the electrolyser will require replacement after this period, leading to an additional capital expenditure. Unlike conventional plants, a significant portion of the capital cost in a green hydrogen facility is associated with the electrolyser module and its periodic replacement.

In terms of operating cost, the major contributors are power and water consumption. Producing 1 ton of green hydrogen requires approximately 2 to 2.5 MW of power and 12 to 15 m³ of water. Owing to the modular, robust, and user-friendly design of modern electrolysers, the manpower required to operate a green hydrogen plant is lower compared to that of a traditional process plant.

Hydrogen Storage: Hydrogen can be stored as a gas at 350 to 700 kg/cm2 .

Hydrogen can be stored as a liquid at a temperature of  -253 0C .

Hydrogen gas storage cascades are high-pressure systems comprising multiple interconnected gas cylinders, designed to store and deliver hydrogen efficiently. For industrial applications, such as green ammonia production or metallurgical processes, these cascades typically operate at pressure about 500 barg. The storage cylinders2 are generally constructed from steel (Type-I) or partially composite-wrapped (Type-II) materials and are arranged in low, medium, and high-pressure banks to facilitate efficient cascade filling and reduce compressor load. These systems usually operate at ambient temperatures and can be either stationary or skid-mounted for flexibility and ease of transport.

In contrast, hydrogen cascades for automotive fuel applications are tailored to meet the requirements of Hydrogen Refuelling Stations (HRS) for vehicles such as cars, buses, and trucks. These systems operate at significantly higher pressures. For instance, to refuel heavy-duty vehicles like buses and trucks at 350 bar, the cascade storage must be rated at around 500 bar. Similarly, for light-duty vehicles such as cars, which require 700 bar filling pressure, the cascade storage would need to be rated up to 900 bar—such high-pressure storage systems are still under development and not widely available in the market.

These automotive systems use advanced composite cylinders (Type-III or Type-IV) capable of withstanding ultra-high pressures and are equipped with pre-cooling systems (typically down to -40°C) to mitigate heat generated during fast refuelling. The cascades are also designed for sequential discharge from high to low-pressure banks, ensuring efficient delivery and reduced compressor cycling. Compliance with international safety and refuelling standards such as ISO 19880 and NFPA 2 is essential in these applications.

“$1, 1KG, 1 DECADE ($1,1,1): Electrolysis is a leading hydrogen production pathway to achieve the Hydrogen Energy Earth shot goal of reducing the cost of clean hydrogen by 80% to $1 per 1 kilogram in 1 decade (“1 1 1”). Hydrogen produced via electrolysis can result in zero greenhouse gas emissions, depending on the source of the electricity used. The source of the required electricity—including its cost and efficiency, as well as emissions resulting from electricity generation—must be considered when evaluating the benefits and economic viability of hydrogen production via electrolysis.

 In many regions of the country, today’s power grid is not ideal for providing the electricity required for electrolysis because of the greenhouse gases released and the amount of fuel required due to the low efficiency of the electricity generation process. Hydrogen production via electrolysis is being pursued for renewable (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal) and nuclear energy options. These hydrogen production pathways result in virtually zero greenhouse gas and criteria pollutant emissions; however, the production cost needs to be decreased significantly to be competitive with more mature carbon-based pathways such as natural gas reforming.

Benefits / Advantages: Green Hydrogen will have the following advantages:

  1. Green hydrogen production generates minimal to no greenhouse gas emissions, helping combat climate change.
  2. It uses renewable energy sources like wind, solar, or hydroelectric power, promoting a sustainable energy system.
  3. It can be used in various sectors, including transportation, industry, and heating, enhancing energy flexibility.
  4. Promotes energy independence by decreasing dependence on imported fossil fuels, enhancing energy security.
  5. Countries with abundant renewable resources can produce and export green hydrogen, creating new trade opportunities.

References:

  • National Green Hydrogen Mission, 2023
  • EIGA Doc 15/21 Gaseous hydrogen Installations
  • ISO 22734
  • US Department of Energy Website & MNRE Website
  • Wang, T., Cao, X., & Jiao, L. (2022). PEM water electrolysis for hydrogen production: fundamentals, advances, and prospects. Carbon Neutrality
  • Bernat, R., Milewski, J., Dybinski, O., Martsinchyk, A., & Shuhayeu, P. (2024). Review of AEM Electrolysis Research from the Perspective of Developing a Reliable Model. Energies
  • Afroze, S., Sofri, A. N. S. B., Reza, M. S., et al. (2023). Solar-Powered Water Electrolysis Using Hybrid Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) for Green Hydrogen
  • Green Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis: Very technical; covers PEM, AEM, SOEC, electrochemistry, materials, mechanics. Editors: Junbo Hou & Min Yang.

Authors:

Aswathy Mohan A

Aswathy Mohan A, is currently working as Deputy Manager (Process), FACT Engineering And Design Organisation (FEDO), FACT Udyogamandal is B.Tech in Chemical Engineering from Government Engineering College , Thrissur. Joined FACT in 2017 and has eight years of experience in the areas of Petrochemical & Fertiliser Process Optimization, Process Design, Energy Audit, Consultancy, HAZOP Studies, Process Simulations.

Sri Tittu Alagu A

Sri Tittu Alagu A, is currently working as AGM(Process), FACT Engineering And Design Organisation (FEDO), FACT Udyogamandal, is B.Tech in Chemical Engineering from Bharathidasan University   Trichy, Tamilnadu. Joined FACT in 2011 he has fourteen years of experience in the areas of Petrochemical & Fertiliser Process Optimization, Process Design, Process Simulations, Energy Audit, Consultancy, HAZOP Studies, Process Simulations.

Sri Koya Venkata Reddy

Sri Koya Venkata Reddy, currently working as Deputy General Manager (Process), FACT Engineering And Design Organisation (FEDO), FACT Udyogamandal is B.Tech in Chemical Engineering from College of Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. He has done his Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Finance from IGNOU, New Delhi and M.Tech in Project Management from Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi.

Joined FACT in 1991 and has three decades of experience in the areas of Petrochemical & Fertiliser Process plant operations, Trouble shooting and Optimization, Process Design, Revamping of chemical plants, Process Simulations, Energy Audit, Consultancy, HAZOP Studies etc. He has worked in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Oman for two years in Oil & Gas sector working for clients like Saudi Aramco and PDO. He can be contacted at koyareddy@yahoo.com and +91-9446435451.

Budget 2026 Allocates ₹10,000 Crore to Position India as Global Biopharma Hub

0

The 2026-27 budget has placed biopharmaceuticals at the heart of India’s healthcare and manufacturing strategy, signalling a decisive shift toward innovation-led growth. Through the newly announced Biopharma SHAKTI initiative, backed by an outlay of ₹10,000 crore over five years, the government aims to transform India into a leading global hub for biologics and biosimilars and capture 5% of the global biopharmaceutical market. The move comes as non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders continue to rise, driving global demand for advanced biologic medicines.

Moving Beyond Generics to High-Value Therapies

For decades, India has built its reputation as a cost-efficient producer of generic drugs. Now, the government wants to move up the value chain. By prioritising biopharma manufacturing and research, policymakers aim to shift the focus from volume-driven generics to innovation-driven, high-value therapies, including complex biologics and specialty treatments. Consequently, India can strengthen its global competitiveness while expanding domestic access to cutting-edge medicines.

Strengthening the Biopharma Ecosystem End-to-End

Under the Biopharma SHAKTI programme, the government will support the entire biologics and biosimilars ecosystem — from research and development to commercial manufacturing.

The initiative will promote domestic capabilities in:

*Vaccines

*Therapeutic proteins

*Gene and cell therapies

*Biosimilars

*Advanced biologic formulations

At the same time, it aims to reduce import dependence and build resilient supply chains for critical biopharma inputs.

Building Skilled Talent Through NIPER Expansion

Recognising that advanced biomanufacturing requires specialised expertise, the Budget places strong emphasis on human capital development.

To address skill gaps, the government will:

*Establish three new National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs)

*Upgrade seven existing NIPERs

The institutions will train professionals in biopharma R&D, manufacturing technologies, regulatory science, and quality assurance, ensuring a steady pipeline of skilled talent for the industry.

Scaling Up Clinical Research Infrastructure

In addition, the government plans to create a large-scale clinical research ecosystem to accelerate product validation and global approvals. The plan includes the development of over 1,000 accredited clinical trial sites nationwide. This expansion will significantly improve India’s ability to conduct advanced trials for biologics and biosimilars. As a result, India could emerge as a preferred global destination for ethical, cost-effective, and high-quality clinical research.

Faster Approvals Through Regulatory Reforms

To complement manufacturing and research investments, the Budget also prioritises regulatory strengthening.

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) will induct specialised scientific and technical personnel to:

*Improve regulatory efficiency

*Align approval timelines with global standards

*Enable faster evaluation of complex biologic products

These reforms aim to reduce time-to-market for innovative therapies while maintaining safety and quality benchmarks.

Building on the National Biopharma Mission

The new measures build on earlier initiatives such as the National Biopharma Mission (Innovate in India – i3), launched in 2017.

So far, the mission has:

*Supported 100+ projects

*Engaged over 150 organisations and MSMEs

*Backed biotech startups

*Enabled indigenous development of vaccines, diagnostics, biosimilars, and medical devices

A Coordinated Strategy for Global Leadership

Taken together, investments in manufacturing capacity, skilled manpower, clinical research, and regulatory credibility reflect a coordinated and long-term strategy.

As global demand for biologics continues to surge, the Biopharma SHAKTI initiative is expected to:

*Improve domestic access to affordable advanced therapies

*Attract global investments and partnerships

*Boost exports

*Position India as a competitive biopharma innovation hub

As reported by msn.com, the budget signals that India is ready to move beyond generics and establish itself as a global powerhouse in biopharmaceutical manufacturing and innovation.

Advertisement

Newsletter

Subscribe to our FREE Newsletter & Stay Updated

Advertisement