The European Commission introduced a new methodology to calculate, verify, and report the recycled content derived from chemical recycling. For the first time, the rules provide a harmonized framework that applies to all plastic recycling technologies, including both mechanical and chemical recycling.
The new framework will help European Union Member States accurately measure recycled plastic content and achieve the targets established under the Single-Use Plastics Directive. More importantly, it creates a level playing field for recyclers while providing greater regulatory certainty for companies investing in advanced plastic recycling technologies.
Why the New Rules Matter
Until now, the absence of a common methodology created uncertainty in measuring chemically recycled content. The Commission’s new rules address this challenge by introducing transparent reporting and verification standards.
As a result, businesses will be able to demonstrate compliance more consistently, while regulators can ensure that recycled-content claims are credible and comparable across the European Union. The framework is also expected to encourage further investments in innovative recycling technologies that support the region’s circular economy objectives.
Mechanical Recycling Remains the Primary Solution
Mechanical recycling continues to be the most widely used method for processing plastic waste. The process typically involves collecting, sorting, cleaning, shredding, melting, and remoulding plastic into new products. This approach works well for many types of clean and easily recyclable plastics. However, certain plastic waste streams remain difficult to recycle mechanically. Plastics contaminated with food residues, complex additives, or multiple material layers often lose quality during mechanical processing, limiting their reuse.
Chemical Recycling Complements Mechanical Recycling
To address these limitations, the Commission recognizes chemical recycling as a complementary technology rather than a replacement for mechanical recycling. Unlike mechanical recycling, chemical recycling breaks plastic waste down into its basic molecular building blocks. These molecules can then be used as feedstocks to manufacture new plastics or other chemical products. Consequently, plastics that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to recycle can be returned to the production cycle. This approach is particularly valuable for producing high-quality plastics required for demanding applications, including food-contact packaging, where stringent safety and performance standards must be met.
Phased Recognition of Recycled Plastic Content
The Commission has also outlined a phased approach for recognizing recycled plastic content based on its country of origin. Initially, only recycled plastics originating from European Union and European Economic Area (EEA) countries will qualify, as compliance with EU environmental regulations can be fully verified.
From 21 November 2027, recycled plastic sourced from OECD countries will also be eligible, provided it is not restricted under the Waste Shipment Regulation. Furthermore, recycled materials from non-OECD countries may qualify if they are produced under agreements that guarantee environmental protection and human health standards equivalent to those required by the European Union.
Boosting the Circular Economy
By establishing a transparent methodology for chemically recycled content, the European Commission aims to strengthen confidence in recycled plastics, support innovation, and accelerate the transition toward a circular plastics economy. As reported by circulareconomy.europa.eu, the new rules are expected to improve market transparency, encourage investment in advanced recycling infrastructure, and help the EU meet its long-term sustainability and recycled-content goals.
